Exploring the Foundations of Energy and Matter in Our Universe
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Chapter 1: The Origins of the Universe
The universe is often debated as being predominantly "empty" or astonishingly "full."
In this discussion, we delve into the beginnings of the cosmos as conceived by Merticaru Dorin Nicolae. The concept of the Big Bang has been thoroughly analyzed, emphasizing that it was merely a transfer of energy and information, akin to a hologram.
Subsection 1.1: Understanding Energy Conservation
Science tells us that "nothing is lost; everything is conserved." This principle holds true for energy, which remains a constant in our universe. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.
In simpler terms, there is a fixed amount of energy in the universe that cannot be diminished or increased. Therefore, scientists propose that the total energy content of the universe is represented by a ratio of "universal energy" to "dark energy" of approximately "2 to 3," where 26.6% constitutes "universal energy," and around 68% is "dark energy."
Notably, only 0.5% of the universe consists of "ordinary" baryonic matter.
Subsection 1.1.1: The Intricacies of Ordinary Matter
Upon examining the details of this "ordinary matter," one discovers that approximately 99.95% is made up of protons, with the remaining 0.05% being electrons.
Protons are composed of quarks and gluons—elementary particles that form hadrons. The intricacies of these particles demand extensive study to fully grasp their significance.
A critical point arises when attempting to quantify the distribution of particles classified as "matter" versus "energy." The mass and energy of these particles depend on the methods used to measure them, as any form of matter can be converted into energy and vice versa under the right conditions.
Subsection 1.2: The Role of Partons in Particle Physics
To calculate the momentum fraction of each quark or gluon within a proton, scientists utilize what is known as the parton distribution function. Partons can be viewed as quarks or gluons under specific experimental conditions.
Through high-energy scattering experiments, the following percentages of partons within a proton have been determined: approximately 55% are gluons, 23% are up quarks, 23% are down quarks, and 1% are other types of quarks.
Thus, quarks, the "tangible" components of matter, account for only 45% of the so-called "matter."
Chapter 2: The Nature of Matter and Antimatter
Why delve into this seemingly tedious scientific discourse?
In the earlier discussion of the holographic transfer, we overlooked a vital aspect concerning energy entities—the delineation between material atoms and immaterial atoms.
Scientists highlight the interaction between matter and antimatter, leading to mutual annihilation, resulting in energy. This phenomenon marks the commencement of a "titanic battle" between these two forces.
Subsection 2.1: Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Research indicates that dark energy and dark matter permeate everything, including what is perceived as a vacuum. Notably, one of the fundamental principles of physics states that "for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."
In the Big Bang model, the universe expands, but there is no counteracting force to allow for contraction. This parallels human existence, which encompasses both an external world and an internal experience.
Consequently, a boundary condition between the universe's divisions arises from the interaction of external and internal worlds, functioning like competing forces that create limits.
The elusive "something" that connects all matter is likely dark energy.
Subsection 2.2: Reevaluating Cosmic Density
Despite prevailing scientific arguments suggesting that the universe is predominantly "empty," we must reconsider this notion.
Space, filled with dark energy and matter, is dense with fluctuations and energetic densities, which imply that dark matter is fundamental to our reality.
Recent findings suggest that dark matter mirrors the arrangement of visible matter, serving as a genuine support structure for our universe.
In conclusion, as we explore the implications of the Big Bang, we recognize that energy and matter continue to play pivotal roles in shaping our understanding of the cosmos.
This exploration will continue in the next session. With love and understanding,
Merticaru Dorin Nicolae